Tag: Crude Oil

What Will Be the Effect on Oil Prices If the USA and Iran Go Into Battle?

Last week, on 26th February, negotiators from the United States and Iran met for the third time in Geneva in an attempt to reach agreement over the decades-long nuclear dispute between the two countries. However, by 28th February, in operations codenamed Operation Epic Fury (USA) and Operation Roaring Lion (Israel), the United States and Israel jointly conducted military airstrikes in Iran. The initial assault reportedly resulted in the death of Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, along with several other senior political and military figures.

Iran is currently subject to international sanctions, and approximately 90% of its crude oil exports are purchased by China. According to data released by Kpler Ltd, a global data and analytics company specialising in real-time intelligence for the energy, maritime and commodities markets, Iranian crude exports reached approximately 1.25 million barrels per day in January this year.

Much of this crude oil is transported via a network commonly known as the “Dark Fleet”*, a group of ageing oil tankers that employ deceptive practices to bypass international regulations, sanctions and safety standards.

*The Dark Fleet is a large clandestine network of ageing oil tankers, shell companies and maritime service providers operating outside international regulations to transport sanctioned oil, primarily from Iran, Russia and, until recently, Venezuela. Analysts estimate the fleet comprises approximately 1,470 tankers that use tactics such as disabling tracking systems, forging documentation and conducting ship-to-ship transfers in open waters to evade sanctions.

The so-called Shadow Fleet is critical to Iran’s economy. Analysts suggest it transports millions of barrels of oil daily to China, generating billions of dollars annually. The United States government claims that a significant proportion of these revenues supports Iran’s nuclear programme, with roughly half of the exports reportedly under the control of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC).

Even before the latest escalation, rising tensions had pushed crude oil prices to a six-month high. As of Monday 23rd February, Brent Crude Futures settled at $71.66 per barrel. Following the outbreak of war in the Middle East, prices have risen to approximately $79.37 per barrel, representing an increase of around 8.5%.

Gas prices have also surged. Data from the EU natural gas benchmark shows prices rising by approximately 40% since Friday, reportedly after Qatar suspended LNG production and associated operations in Mesaieed Industrial City and Ras Laffan Industrial City following Iranian drone strikes.

Elsewhere, airline shares have fallen amid the conflict. International Airlines Group (owner of British Airways) declined by 6.6%, while EasyJet fell by 3.9%. The FTSE 100 also slipped by 1.2%. As expected, traditional safe-haven assets such as gold surged to $5,390, with some analysts suggesting it could climb towards $6,500 amid war-related uncertainty and inflationary pressures in the United States.

As previously warned by experts, if diplomatic talks failed the greatest risk lay in the potential closure or blockade of the Strait of Hormuz by Iran. The strait, only 21 miles wide at its narrowest point, links the Arabian Sea to the Persian Gulf and is widely regarded as the backbone of global oil supply. A significant proportion of crude oil exports from Iraq, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates pass through this route.

The strait is now effectively closed, placing shipments of crude oil, liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) at serious risk. More than USD 500 billion worth of oil and gas passes through the Strait of Hormuz annually, meaning any prolonged disruption could expose the global economy to severe instability.

In response, the United States has assembled its largest concentration of naval and air power in the region since the 2003 Iraq War. Approximately 14 warships are currently deployed, centred around two carrier strike groups. The USS Abraham Lincoln is operating in the Arabian Sea, while the USS Gerald R. Ford, the world’s largest aircraft carrier, has recently arrived at Souda Bay in Crete in the Eastern Mediterranean.

Supporting vessels reportedly include nine guided-missile destroyers and three littoral combat ships, positioned across the Arabian Sea off Oman, the Red Sea and the Mediterranean. This military build-up echoes President Trump’s warning last Monday that if Iran failed to reach a deal with Washington, it would be “a very bad day for that country and, very sadly, for its people”.

With the United States and Israel now engaged in open conflict with Iran, the consequences for crude oil prices could be severe. Millions of barrels of crude oil, refined products and feedstocks shipped through the Strait of Hormuz are now at risk. Analysts suggest prices could spike dramatically, potentially reaching $130 per barrel.

Shipping costs are also rising. In June 2025, when the United States previously launched strikes in Iran, supertanker rates surged to approximately $76,000 per day, an increase of around 12%, for vessels carrying two million barrels of crude from the Persian Gulf to China. Data from the Baltic Exchange in London showed this was the highest level since March 2023, adding as much as $1.40 per barrel to shipping costs.

However, analysts argue that a prolonged war would not serve the interests of either the United States or Iran. Oil exports are vital to the Iranian economy, while higher global oil prices would quickly translate into increased petrol prices at the pump in the United States. With mid-term elections approaching in November, sustained fuel price increases could carry significant political consequences for President Trump.

Nevertheless, with hostilities now underway, daily market data indicates that oil and gas prices continue to rise sharply, with potentially far-reaching implications for economies worldwide.

Update for Crude Oil Prices

Current Market Performance vs. Predictions

In December 2025, many experts, commentators and analysts predicted that there would be an oversupply of crude oil in 2026, resulting in an oil glut caused by an increasing supply and weaker demand. Analysts suggested that the price of Brent Crude will average $58 bbl. At the time of writing, Brent crude futures traded up to $70 per bbl. for the first time since September 2025. Geopolitical tensions have helped bolster prices, with the global oil benchmark* rising by around 2.75%, while its US counterpart, West Texas Intermediate, climbed to just over $65 per barrel.

*Key Global Oil Benchmarks – The primary benchmarks are Brent Crude (North Sea), which covers 80% of global traded volume and West Texas Intermediate (WTI) (US), which is a key benchmark for the Americas. Dubai Crude is also used as a benchmark for Middle Eastern oil sent to Asia.

Impact of Geopolitical Escalations

The recent rise in crude oil prices has mostly been attributed to President Donald Trump, who threatened Iran with military action unless they agree to a nuclear arms agreement. Experts suggest that the threat issued via President Trump’s social media (Truth Social) yesterday evening, where he said that US ships had been ordered to the region and were ready to ”fulfil their mission with speed and violence, if necessary”, is responsible for the escalation in geopolitical premium of oil priced by potentially $3.00 – $4.00 per bbl.

Supply Disruptions and Global Conflict

Beyond the impact of geopolitical tensions on crude oil prices, the recent rise has also been driven by major supply disruptions in Kazakhstan. Prices were further supported last Friday after President Putin dampened hopes of a long-term settlement in the war with Ukraine. Experts advise that, despite the oversupply and lower prices that were predicted for this year, oil prices are expected to remain elevated for the time being as the markets wait for the next move by the White House and Iran. Analysts have reported that Tehran have stepped up negotiations with its OPEC+* counterparts and key Middle Eastern countries in an effort to stave off American aggression.

*OPEC+ – is short for the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Nations and is a coalition of 23 oil-producing countries, of which the full members are Algeria, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. There are a further 10 non-OPEC Partner Countries that form the OPEC+ and make up the DoC (Declaration of Cooperation), consisting of Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mexico, Oman, Russia, South Sudan and Sudan. The whole group’s modus operandi is to cooperate to influence the global oil market and stabilise prices.

Short-Term Outlook and Future Risks 

Experts advise that in the short-term (the next 4 to 6 weeks), based on technicals, the price of Brent Crude is estimated to trade within a range of $60 – 70 per bbl, with any movement being driven by geopolitical or inventory headlines. Despite a mid-range of analysts’ assessments of 2 – 3 million bbl per day, it is expected that today’s prices of crude oil will remain at the current level. Today, however, Iran has threatened to close the Straits of Hormuz, and analysts advise that this will definitely spike the price of oil and will no doubt, according to political and military experts, lead to military intervention from the United States.

Drill Baby Drill: Why Expanding Oil Production Still Matters for Economic Growth, Security & Global Stability

For more than a decade, public debate surrounding energy has been defined almost entirely by the imperative of decarbonisation, ESG screens, and the political urgency of transitioning toward renewables. Governments, sovereign wealth funds, and large institutional capital allocators have been encouraged — and in many cases compelled — to shift funding away from hydrocarbons and toward solar, wind, hydrogen, and batteries. Yet the hard reality that continues to assert itself is simple: global societies remain overwhelmingly dependent on hydrocarbons, both as an energy source and as the irreplaceable feedstock for industrial production and logistics.

The much-maligned “Drill Baby Drill” policy position, shorthand for expanding domestic oil and gas extraction,  is often caricatured as outdated, environmentally negligent, or backwards-looking. But stripped of the politics, the logic of increased oil production remains compelling on economic, national security, and industrial grounds. For companies operating within the energy supply chain, traders, producers, refiners, and logistical operators, this reality is especially clear: hydrocarbons are not disappearing, the world is still short of energy, and the opportunity to fund and profit from oil transactions remains structurally significant for at least the next three decades.

At IntaCapital Swiss SA, we specialise in structured collateral financing, trade finance, and capital facilitation for legitimate, well-documented transaction flows — including oil trading, allocation funding, shipping, and production-linked financing. From our vantage point in the capital markets, the pro-production energy thesis is not ideological; it is grounded in commercial practicality and global macro conditions.

Oil Remains the Dominant Energy Source — And it Will For Decades

The starting point is empirical reality. Despite unprecedented investment into alternative energy, hydrocarbons still account for:

  • Over 80% of the global primary energy supply
  • Over 95% of transportation fuel
  • Near 100% of aviation, maritime, and heavy machinery fuel

Even optimistic transition forecasts from major agencies — including the IEA, EIA, and OPEC — anticipate substantial oil demand well into 2050, driven largely by non-OECD population growth, shipping expansion, urbanisation, fertiliser needs, plastics, petrochemicals, lubricants, and synthetic materials.

The “energy transition” debate tends to assume that oil is primarily a motor-fuel problem. But one cannot build solar panels, wind turbine blades, semiconductors, medical polymers, or electric vehicle tyres without petroleum derivatives. Even renewables depend on hydrocarbons for extraction, smelting, transportation, composite manufacturing, and installation.

Oil is not just a fuel — it is a foundational industrial material.

Expanding Production Lowers Costs & Protects Consumers

The economics of energy supply are as straightforward as any other commodity market: when production lags consumption, prices rise. For the last decade, policy pressures and ESG capital restrictions have underfunded upstream development. As a result, reserves have not been replaced at the pace required to stabilise long-term pricing.

When oil supply is restricted, the effects cascade across the economy:

  • Transport costs increase
  • Logistics and freight inflate
  • Food becomes more expensive
  • Manufacturing input costs rise
  • Consumer goods absorb energy-linked price increases
  • Governments face inflationary pressures

Discipline in upstream investment may be popular with shareholders seeking dividend yield and with activists focused on decarbonisation, but it is economically regressive. The households most impacted by expensive energy are not the wealthy; they are lower-income consumers for whom fuel and food expenditures represent a larger share of disposable income.

Expanding production through offshore platforms, shale development, onshore drilling campaigns, and improved refineries throughout has the opposite effect: downward pressure on prices, improved logistics competitiveness, and reduced inflationary strain throughout the economy. In macro-economic terms, an expanded hydrocarbon supply is profoundly pro-consumer.

Energy Security Cannot Be Outsourced

Perhaps the most powerful argument for expanding domestic oil production is geopolitical. Nations that rely on imported energy — particularly from adversarial or unstable regions — incur strategic vulnerabilities. Europe learnt this lesson twice in modern history: first with the geopolitical leverage of Russian natural gas, and more recently with global LNG and diesel supply constraints.

Energy is strategic sovereignty. If a nation cannot feed, fuel, and defend itself without foreign supply chains, it does not control its own outcomes. For this reason, countries including the United States, Saudi Arabia, UAE, Qatar, Brazil, Angola, and Canada are increasingly expanding their upstream capacity despite public climate rhetoric. The “Drill Baby Drill” position — when recast in strategic language — simply states: Domestic energy production equals national security.

From an investor and lender standpoint, energy security translates into long-duration capital commitments, infrastructure build-out, and predictable export revenue streams. These are precisely the conditions under which private corporate funding, trade finance, and structured collateral facilities thrive.

Oil Revenues Fund the Transition — Not the Other Way Around

Another uncomfortable truth: every successful renewable transition in history has been funded by fossil fuel prosperity. Nations that possess hydrocarbons — particularly Saudi Arabia, UAE, Norway, and the United States — are not abandoning fossil fuels. They are monetising them to accelerate modernisation, diversification, and future energy integration.

The slogan could be inverted as: Drill Baby Drill = Finance Baby Finance. It is not oil vs renewables; it is oil funding renewables. When oil is scarce and expensive, consumer acceptance of energy transition weakens, and governments lose the fiscal room to subsidise innovation. When oil is abundant and competitively priced, governments can directly channel cash flow into infrastructure, EV charging networks, nuclear modularity, and battery chemistry R&D. The global transition requires capital, and hydrocarbons remain the financial engine that provides it.

Market Liquidity in Oil Trade Creates Funding Opportunity

For firms like IntaCapital Swiss SA, the significance of expanded oil production is not merely theoretical; it directly influences transaction demand. The global oil and refined products sector is characterised by:

  • High-value spot and forward trades
  • Allocation-based offtake agreements
  • Refinery output contracts
  • Shipping and storage operations
  • Letters of credit utilisation
  • Collateralised performance obligations
  • Intermediated allocation structures

Where barrels are moving, there is demand for:

  1. Allocation funding
  2. Performance bonds
  3. Trade finance lines
  4. Collateral transfer facilities
  5. Warehouse & shipping finance
  6. Refinery output pre-financing
  7. Syndicated export structures
  8. Commodity-backed funding instruments

Historically, energy traders and allocation holders have faced funding gaps due to collateral requirements, KYC/AML scrutiny, or misalignment between banking risk appetites and commodity settlement cycles. Structured private capital has filled that gap — and continues to do so globally. Expansion in upstream production directly increases this flow, creating a larger universe of transactions requiring structured funding and credit enhancement.

Why ESG Capital Boycotts Created a Funding Vacuum

Over the last five years, major banks and sovereign funds adopted stringent ESG restrictions on hydrocarbon investments. While politically fashionable, this capital withdrawal has created a financing scarcity that private lenders, hedge funds, commodity houses, and structured intermediaries are now exploiting.

The irony is unavoidable:

  • Oil demand increases
  • Oil supply is constrained
  • Capital is restricted from upstream investment
  • Price volatility rises
  • Private capital steps in at a premium

Far from eliminating oil, ESG has made oil more profitable for those willing to fund it. For financing firms who understand the sector, this environment has created attractive margins, strong collateralisation structures, and heightened demand from credible counterparties seeking allocation funding or offtake financing.

The Global South Will Drive Oil Demand, Not the West

Another misconception often embedded in Western policy discourse is the assumption that energy demand patterns are uniform across the globe. They are not. Over the next 25 years, population growth and middle-class expansion in Africa, South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East will drive incremental consumption of:

  • Diesel
  • Jet fuel
  • Marine bunker fuel
  • Chemicals and plastics
  • Fertilisers
  • Asphalt
  • Petrochemicals

Even if OECD nations reach aggressive EV penetration and renewable diversification targets, the Global South is only beginning its industrial build-out. This difference is not ideological; it is demographic and developmental. The global oil industry will therefore not contract — it will re-centre.

Conclusion: Expanded Oil Production Is Rational, Beneficial & Bankable

The “Drill Baby Drill” energy thesis is not a relic of the past. It is an economically rational, strategically necessary, industrially indispensable, and financially attractive proposition anchored in material demand. The global economy still runs on hydrocarbons, and it will continue to do so for decades. Transition will occur — but it will not eliminate the need for oil; it will simply change the demand profile.

For companies involved in the sector — from upstream production to trading, refining, shipping, allocation management and distribution — the implication is clear: the real bottleneck is not rhetoric, it is capital.

Funding Oil Transactions — IntaCapital Swiss SA

IntaCapital Swiss SA facilitates structured financing for credible oil and refined product transactions globally. We support:

  • Allocation funding
  • Performance bonding & collateral transfer
  • Refinery & pre-export financing
  • Offtake funding
  • Collateral-enhanced trade finance structures

Applicants seeking oil transaction funding, allocation financing, or credit enhancement are invited to present their proposal for review, including:

  • Allocation or supply documentation
  • ICPO, SPA, or equivalent
  • Transaction flow structure
  • Counterparty details
  • Required financial instruments or facilities

To discuss funding options in confidence, contact our transaction structuring team.

Outlook for Crude Oil 2026

Many experts and observers in the crude oil arena are forecasting an oversupply in 2026, leading to an oil glut driven by rising supply and weaker demand. 

Price Forecast and Supply Glut

Analysts suggest that the price of Brent Crude will average US$58 bbl (1 barrel). In Q1 of 2026, as the glut gets larger, the price will gradually fall to US$52 bbl and end the year at US$50 bbl, giving an average price for the year of US$55 bbl. 

Indeed, the IEA (International Energy Authority) has estimated that there will be a record oil glut or surplus (estimated at 4 million b/pd – barrels per day) next year, with demand growth remaining subdued as OPEC+* continues to revive supplies.

*OPEC+ – is short for the Organisation of the Petroleum Exporting Nations and is a coalition of 23 oil-producing countries, of which the full members are Algeria, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Nigeria, Republic of the Congo, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates and Venezuela. There are a further 10 non-OPEC Partner Countries that form the OPEC+ and make up the DoC (Declaration of Cooperation), consisting of Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Brunei, Kazakhstan, Malaysia, Mexico, Oman, Russia, South Sudan and Sudan. The whole group’s modus operandi is to cooperate to influence the global oil market and stabilise prices.

The Market’s Muted Response to Geopolitical Risk

Several experts have voiced surprise at the lack of volatility in the crude oil market in 2025, despite the many supply and geopolitical risks. Key events such as Russian oil sanctions, plus Israeli and the United States strikes on Iran, had many analysts expecting major volatility given the potential to lose Iranian oil supplies. However, the market showed a complete lack of volatility, and Brent even had a small but brief rally, hitting US$80 bbl. Experts suggest that there is fatigue within the market, especially after Russia invaded Ukraine in February 2022, so volatile market reactions to explosive geopolitical tensions appear to have been muted. It is therefore being predicted that with a market glut continuing into 2026 and the large amount of spare capacity in Saudi Arabia, there will be little impact on oil supplies, with prices falling as mentioned above.

OPEC+’s Strategic Shift

In April, OPEC+ shifted its strategy from supporting high oil prices through production cuts to increasing output to regain market share from non-OPEC+ producers such as Brazil, Guyana, and the United States. Indeed, the market was taken by surprise when a series of production increases added a total increase of 2.9 billion b/pd, contributing to the downward pressure on prices, which, as stated above, is expected to keep going south well into 2026. 

Experts say the policy shift was driven by several external factors, including diplomatic pressure from the White House and unexpected geopolitical events such as the Iran–Israel war and sanctions on Russian oil. The later sanctioning of major Russian producers Lukoil* and Rosneft** also provided an unexpected buffer against a sharper price collapse.

*Lukoil – Engages in the exploration, production, refining, marketing and distribution of oil and gas in both Russian and international markets. Lukoil is owned by private shareholders, with its founder, Vagit Alekperov, holding circa 28.3%.

**Rosneft – A vertically integrated energy company specialising in the exploration, production, refining, transportation, and sale of petroleum, petroleum products and LNG. The Russian Government owns circa 40.4% of the company, with the QIA (Qatar Investment Authority) also owning a significant stake.

Demand and The Fiscal Breakeven Point

Analysts suggest that in 2026, there will be a modest increase in oil demand at circa 800 b/pd, which is expected to be driven by non-OECD (Organisation for Co-operation and Economic Development) countries, especially Asia, which is calculated to make up 50% of demand, whilst China’s demand is expected to be under 200 b/pd. 

In effect, many analysts and commentators agree that 2026 will be a challenging year for oil prices due to overwhelming supply, with large surpluses potentially building, unless OPEC+ makes significant production cuts or geopolitical events disrupt supply chains. Another factor to consider is how long OPEC+ nations are willing to tolerate low oil prices. With an average price of USD $55 per barrel forecast for 2026 and Saudi Arabia’s fiscal break-even at around USD $90 per barrel, any decision to cut production could put upward pressure on prices later in the year.